What can be added to improve soil drainage in a nursery?

Improving soil drainage is essential for healthy plant growth, and organic matter or sand serves this purpose effectively. Adding organic matter, such as well-rotted compost or leaf mold, enhances soil structure, increases aeration, and improves the soil's ability to retain moisture without becoming waterlogged. This organic material fosters the activity of soil organisms, which further contributes to better drainage as they help to break up compacted soil.

Alternatively, mixing sand into the soil can create larger pore spaces, promoting better drainage by allowing water to flow through more freely. Sand helps to break up heavy clay soils, which are prone to poor drainage, making it easier for roots to access both water and air.

In contrast, clay tends to compact and retains water, which can worsen drainage issues rather than improving them. Gravel can provide some drainage benefits, but it is often too coarse and can create layering that prevents water from moving evenly through the soil. Peat moss is excellent for moisture retention but can hold onto water, potentially leading to poor drainage. Water and fertilizer do not contribute to drainage and can exacerbate saturation if added in excess.