What does the USDA plant hardiness zone map aid in?

The USDA plant hardiness zone map is an essential tool for understanding the suitability of various plant species to specific climates. It classifies regions based on their average minimum winter temperatures, which directly influence plant survival and growth. By using this map, gardeners, landscapers, and horticulturists can select plants that are adapted to the climate of their local area. This ensures that the chosen species will thrive in the given temperatures and environmental conditions, reducing the likelihood of plant failure due to cold stress or winter injury.

In contrast, the other options do not relate directly to the core purpose of the hardiness zone map. While factors like fertilizer types, watering needs, and pest identification are important aspects of plant care and management, they are influenced by a broader range of factors beyond just hardiness zones. Therefore, the primary focus of the USDA hardiness zone map is on helping users determine which plant species are best suited for a specific geographical area based on temperature tolerances.