What is soil compaction?

Soil compaction refers to the densification of soil particles, which occurs when the soil is subjected to mechanical pressure. This process typically reduces the pore space between soil particles and increases soil density. Compaction can occur naturally through processes like soil weight from moisture or plant growth, but it often results from human activities such as construction, traffic from vehicles, or heavy equipment usage.

When soil becomes compacted, it can negatively affect its aeration, drainage, and root penetration. This can lead to challenges for plant growth since roots require oxygen and moisture, both of which can be hindered in compacted soil. Understanding this concept is vital for nursery professionals who manage soil conditions to promote healthy plant development.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe soil compaction: dehydration relates to moisture content rather than density, excessive organic material concerns soil composition but doesn’t indicate density, and improvement of soil texture implies a more favorable arrangement of soil particles rather than compaction itself.