What soil characteristic primarily influences water drainage?

Soil texture is a crucial characteristic that primarily influences water drainage due to the size and arrangement of soil particles. It determines how easily water can flow through the soil. For instance, sandy soils, which consist of larger particles, allow water to drain quickly because there are larger spaces between the particles. This leads to less water retention. On the other hand, clay soils, with their very small particle size, hold water tightly and drain slowly because the tiny particles create smaller spaces, restricting water movement.

Understanding soil texture is essential for determining how well a garden or landscape will manage water. Proper drainage is vital for root health and nutrient availability, as overly saturated soils can lead to root rot and other plant health issues. Therefore, recognizing the texture of the soil helps in making informed decisions about planting and irrigation practices.